Regulations of Jiangsu Province on Supporting Services for the Aged

Adopted at the Nineteenth Session of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth People's Congress of Jiangsu Province on December 4, 2015

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 These Regulations are enacted in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly and other laws and administrative regulations, in the light of the specificsituation of this Province, and for the purposesof promoting the health development of supportingservices for the aged, standardizing the acts of supporting services for the aged, and safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of the aged.

Article 2 These Regulations shall apply to supportingservices for the aged and its supervision and administration within the administrative region of this Province.

The supporting services for the aged specified in these Regulations refer to those provided for the aged such as life care, health management, rehabilitation nursing, mental comfort, emergency call and aid.

         Article 3 Supporting services for the aged shall be adjusted to thelocal economic and social development and follow the principles of government leading, society participating, market operating, coordinated development, guaranteeing the fundamental and moderate general preferences.

Article 4 The local People’s governments at or above the county level shall incorporate the development of supporting services for the aged into the planning for national economy and social development in its area, formulate a special planning and annual plan, establish and perfect a system of supporting services for the aged based on families, supported by communities, supplemented by institutions and combined with medical care.

The local People’s governments at or above the county level shall include the funds for undertakings of supporting services for the aged into the financial budget of the same level, and establish a stable fund guarantee mechanism and increase the financial investment into the undertakings of supporting services for the aged, according to the factors such as the natural growth of the aged population within their administrative regions.

Article 5 The civil affairs departments of thelocal People’s governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the supporting servicesfor the aged within their respective administrative regions, administrating and supervising activities of supporting services for the aged.

Departments ofdevelopment and reform, finance, human resources and social security, planning, construction, land and resources, health and family planning, education, quality and technology supervision, industry and commerce, food and drug administration, price, etc. as well as public security fire control institutionsshallwork togetherto do a good job of elderly care services in the light of their respective functions and duties.

People’s organizations such as the labor union, the Communist Youth League, the Women’s Federation, and the DisabledPersons' Federation shall make use oftheir respective advantages and take part in relevantsupporting services for the aged.

Article 6 Senior citizens working committee of local People’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for coordinating, urging and guiding relevant departments to do well the relevant work onsupporting services for the aged and the civil affairs department shall undertake routine work.

Article 7 Township People’s governments and sub-district offices shall be responsible for organizing and implementing relevant work of supporting services for the aged, and guide villagers' committees, residents' committees and organizations of supporting services for the aged to carry outsupporting services for the aged.

Article 8 Thelocal People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall make greater efforts to give support, perfect market mechanism, and guide social force to become the major force of developing the industry of supportingservices for the aged.

Citizens, legal persons and other organizations shall be encouraged to take part in supportingservices for the aged by such means as donation or voluntary service.

Article 9 The establishment of relevant associations of supporting services for the aged shall be encouraged. Industrial associations shall strengthen industry self-discipline and credit construction, carry out business training, information consultancy and the third-party evaluation, participate in activities such as formulating standards and quality supervision, exert the functions of the third-party social organization, and guide and standardize the development of supporting services of the aged.

Article 10 Thelocal People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall commend or reward the unit or individual who has made outstanding achievements in supporting services for the aged.

News media shall launch a publicity campaign for supporting services for the aged in order to form an atmosphere of respecting the aged, supporting the aged, helping the aged and loving the aged in the society.

Chapter II Planning and Construction

Article 11 The local People’s governments at or above the county level shall in a classified and grated manner make a planning and arrangement of the land used for facilities for supporting services for the agedaccording to the relevant standards of the state and the province, when formulating the city and town general planning and controllingdetailed planning.

Article 12 The civil affairs department shall along with such the departments as development and reform, planning, land andresources and health and family planning, in accordance with the planning for national economy and social development in this area, urban and rural planning, general planning for land use and factors such as distribution of senior citizens, public service resources and the demand for thesupporting services for the aged, formulate the special planning for the layout of facilities for supporting services for the aged in this area, reasonably lay out the  facilities for supporting services for the aged, and implement them after approved bythe People’s government of the same level.

Article 13 Construction of facilities for supporting services for the agedshall meet relevant standards of the state and the provinceand meet the requirements such as environmental protection, fire safety, health and epidemic prevention, food security and green architectures.

Article 14 Where the vacant places such as training centers, hotels, guest houses of local People’s governments at all levels and their relevant departments are suitable for supportingservices for the aged, they shall be given priority to be transformed into facilities for supportingservices for the aged.

Where government organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions and other social organizations transform vacant rooms for supporting services for the aged, departments such as those ofplanning and land and resources shall handle procedures in accordance with relevant provisions.

Article 15 Department of planning and construction shall along with departments such as those of civil affairs, land and resources and health and family planning, carry out special supervision on the planning and construction of the facilities for supporting services for the aged.

Chapter III Home-based Supporting Services for the Aged and Community Supporting Services for the Aged

Article 16 Supporting for the aged is based on their home and family members shall respect, care for and look after the aged. Family members shall be encouraged to live with the aged or live nearby.

Children of the aged and other persons who have the duty to support the aged shall perform the duty to provide the aged with financial support, care for their life and health and mental comfort, and give considerations to their special requirements.

Article 17 The local People’s governments at or above the county level shall establish and perfect supportivepoliciesfor home-basedsupporting services for the aged and provide services for home-basedsupporting services for the aged by means such as purchasing services.

Article 18 Thelocal people’s governments at all levels shall providethe aged with financial difficulties subsidies of supportingservices for the aged.

For the aged with financial difficulties who cannot look after themselves for a long time，thelocal people’s governments at all levels shall give subsidies for special care according to situations such as the degree of disability.

The local People’s governments at or above the county level shall organize and launch free training to disseminate knowledge and techniques of taking care of the aged with disability or dementia among their family members.

Article 19 The local People’s governments at all levels and relevant departments shall take measures to develop urban and rural community supporting services for the aged, encourage and support special service institutions and other organizations and individuals to provide the aged who live at home withvarious kinds of services such as catering and housekeeping, emergency aid, medical care, mental comfort and psychological consultancy.

Article 20 The local People’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the construction of facilities for supporting services for the aged in the communities, take into full consideration such the factors as convenience of the supporting services for the aged and scope of the services, and set up facilities of support services for the aged in different districts and evenly coveringurban and rural communities.

Article 21 The construction of facilitiesforsupporting services for the aged in the communities shall be included into the scope ofsupporting building construction in urban and rural communities.

Buildings forsupporting services for the aged in the community shall be constructed in the newly-built residential area by the standard that every 100 householdsshareaffiliated buildings forsupporting services for the aged in the community with an area of over 20 square meters. Facilities such as buildings for supporting services for the agedin the communityin the newly-built residential area shall be planned, constructed, checked and accepted and handed over for use along with residences.

In the built residential area, the areafor buildingsfor supporting services for the agedshall be coordinated and settled by the means such as purchasing, exchanging or renting by the People’s government of the county (city or district) where it is located, by the standard that every 100householdsshareaffiliated buildingsfor supporting services for the aged in the community with an area of over 15 square meters. 

No unit or individual shall be allowed to use buildings for support services for the aged orother facilities in the community for other purposes.

Article 22 Organizations of supporting services for the aged shall be encouraged to provide the aged with such services asassistance in catering, bathing, transportation, cleaning, shopping, seeinga doctor and emergency aid.

The marketizationand socialization of home-basedsupporting servicesfor the agedshall be promotedby introducing social force and enterprises such as housekeeping and property management companiesto start up or operate variousprograms of supporting services for the aged such as catering spots, day care, full-time and part-time nursery, activity centers for the aged, andlaunch home-basedsupporting services for the aged.

Government organs, organizations, enterprises and publicinstitutions and other social organizations shall be encouraged to open their places to provide services such as catering, culture, fitness and entertainment for the aged.

Article 23 Department of health and family planning shall support the hospitals with conditions to set up geriatrics.

Urban and rural grassroots medical institutions shall establish health archives for the aged, carry out health management, and graduallyrealizeinformationsharingthrough intellectual terminals, internet and big data platforms.

Urban and rural grassroots medical institutions, nursing homes for the aged and rehabilitation institutions and so on shall be encouraged to provide door-to-door services for the aged who have difficulty moving about or are disabled.

Article 24 An emergency service mechanism shall be established to provide immediate rescue and help for the aged who have an accident. The government shall cover the expense of rescuing and helping extremely poor people in the urban and rural areas, the senile with financial difficulty and the aged with disabilities.

Article 25 The newly built, renovated and expanded residential areas shall meet the national standard forbarrier-free project construction.

The people’s governments of the city divided into districts, county (city or district) shall promote the renovation of barrier-free public service facilities which are closely related to the daily life of the aged, such as slopes, handrails of staircases, and elevators in the old residential areas. Encouragement and support shall be provided to adding elevators to the built multi-floored residentialbuildings.

The owner and manager of barrier-free facilities shall protect the barrier-free facilities, conducttimely repair in case of damage or malfunction and ensure the normal function of barrier-free facilities.

Where families with the aged carry outbarrier-free renovation of living facilities, the housing and urban and rural construction departments and civil affairs departments of the people’s governments of the city divided into districts, county (city or district) shall provide guidance.Where families with the aged who have disability or dementia living on the minimum living guarantee, or on the brink of the minimum living guarantee, and families with the aged who have severe disabilitiesuse barrier-free renovation of living facilities, local People’s governments at or above the county level shall provide subsidies.

Article 26 Thepeople’s governments of the city divided into districts, city (county or district) shall support the area with the conditions to construct concentrated residential communities for the aged and improve ancillary facilities.

Article 27 Helping and supporting the aged in the neighborhood and mutual help servicebetween the aged shall be encouraged and the younger healthy aged people shall be encouraged to provide service for people who are senile and living alone.

Article 28 Where the aged from other cities move into the cities where their children are and live with them, relevant departments shall provide convenience in terms of residence registration, settlement of medical care insurance, public transportation and access into the park.

Chapter IV InstitutionalSupporting Services for the aged

Article 29 Theconstruction of institutions which support for the aged shall meet the special planning for the layout of facilities for the supporting services for the aged.

The establishment of institutions supporting for the aged shall meet the conditions prescribed by relevant laws and administrative regulations.

In the establishment of public institutions of supporting the aged, an administrative permit shall be applied to civil affairs department according to law. Upon the acceptance of administrative permit, those that meet the conditions of private non-enterprise units may go through registration procedures at the civil affairs department; those that have been established as publicinstitutions upon approval may go through registration procedures at the registration administrative organs of public institutions.

In the establishment of operational institutions of supporting the aged, an administrative permit shall be applied tothe civil affairs department according to law after going through registration procedures at the industrial and commercial administrative department.

Where the construction of facilities of institutions of supporting the aged meet the requirements of the planning, land and resources, environmental protection and fire safety, relevant departments shall give approval and provide convenience and assistance.

Article 30 The state-owned allocated land or farmers’ collectively-owned land may be used for the facilities of public institutions of supporting the aged according to law.

In case of the land use for facilities of the operational institutions of supporting the aged, procedures of compensatory land use shall be handled according to law and a priority shall be given to the land use.

The usage of the land for facilities of supporting services for the aged shall not be changed without legal procedures.

Article 31 The institutions of supporting the aged invested by the government shall guarantee the needs of supporting services for the aged including those incapable of working, without sources of income and a legal supporter or caregiver or the aged whose legal supporter or caregiver are incapable of providing support or care.

Where the aged with disability or dementia, of an advanced age, living alone and with severe disability who live on the minimum living guarantee or are on the brink of living on the minimum living guarantee, the aged in a special family of family planning, those who are target of preferential treatment and labor models and so on apply to move into the institutions of supporting the aged invested and run by the government, they shall be given priority when being accepted.

Article 32 The local People’s governments at all levels shall strengthen efforts to support the development of nursing-typed institutions of supporting the aged and promote a combined development of medical care, nursing and rehabilitation.

Institutions of supporting the aged shall according to theirscales set up internal medical institutions or health facilities such as clinics and infirmaries in accordance with law, or sign a cooperation contract with medical and health institutions to provide medical services for the aged living there. Institutions of supporting the aged shall be equipped with rehabilitation devices or set up a rehabilitation area to carry out specializedrehabilitationservices. Department of health and family planning shall give support and provide convenience.

Where the internal medical and health institution which meets the conditions and the nursing homes for the aged apply to the department of human resources and social security andthedepartment of health and family for being included into the settlement scope of relevant urban and rural fundamental medical insurance, the department of human resources and the department of health and family planning shall approve it.

Medical and health institutions shall be encouraged to carry out supporting services for the aged with the focus of rehabilitation and nursing and promote the combineddevelopment of medical care and nursing.

Article 33 Where institutions of supporting the aged suspend or terminate supporting services for the aged for some reason, they shall submit the plan for the placement of the aged to the organ which originally gave permission sixty days prior to the suspension or termination and implement it upon approval. The organ which originally gave permission shall decide whether to approve within twenty days after the receiptof the placement plan.

Where institutions of supporting the aged suspend or terminate supporting services, they shall properly place the residential accepted agedaccording to the placement plan. Civil affairs department shall urge the institutionsof supportingthe aged to formulate and implement a placement plan and provide help to properly place the aged.

Chapter V Fostering and Encouragement oftheTalent

Article 34 Civil affairs department shall along with human resources and social security departmentestablish and complete the mechanism of fostering, using, evaluating and motivating talents in supporting services for the aged, standardize the employment in supporting services for the aged in accordance with law, and promote reasonable increase in the payof the persons engaging in supporting services for the aged.

Article 35 Institutions of higher education, secondary vocational schools and training institutions shall be encouraged to offer majors or training programs related to supporting services for the aged and set up practicingbases at institutions of supporting the aged and foster specialized talents for supporting services for the aged.

Where the persons engaging in supporting services for the aged and community workers engaging in supporting services for the aged who meet the conditions participate in relevant technical training, they shall enjoy vocational training subsidies according to stipulations.

Article 36 Professional technical staff employed by institutions of supporting the aged and other organizations of supporting services for the aged shall carry out the same practitioner qualification and registered evaluation system as that in medical and health institutions and welfare institutions and enjoy equal treatments in terms of technical title evaluation, further education and vocational technical training and so on.

Article 37 The financial departments of the city divided into districts and counties (city or district) shall in terms of their relevant degrees andin accordance with relevant stipulations of this province grant lump-sum subsidies to the persons who have obtained nursing professional qualification of supportingforthe aged and engage in supporting and nursing the aged.

The local People’s governments at or above the county level shall grant once-for-all entry awards to graduates of institutions of higher education and secondary vocational schools who engage in supporting and nursing the aged for five years in succession in this Province.

Chapter VI Supportive and Preferential Measures

Article 38 The local People’s governmentsat various levels and relevant departments shall encourage and support social force to operate institutions of supporting the aged and other organizations of supporting services for the aged by means of purchasing services, providing subsidies and financial support and so on, or encourage and support social force to operate facilities of supporting services for the aged invested and built by the government by means of purchasing services, entrustedmanagement, contractual operation, joint-venture and cooperation and so on.

Article 39Thecivil affairs department shall organize and carry out evaluation of the aged who need government guarantee and stay in government-invested or operated institutions of supporting the aged and others who need subsidies for supporting services for the aged and nursing subsidies. The result of evaluation shall be publicized to the society.

The civil affairs department shall establish and perfect an evaluation system for the need of supporting services for the aged step by step.

Article 40 The Civil affairs department shall establish and perfect an evaluation system for the quality of supporting services for the aged, andorganize experts or entrust the third party professional institution to conduct comprehensive evaluations on the staff allocation, conditions of facilities and devices, management level, service quality, service targets’ satisfaction degree, and social credibility of institutions of supporting the aged and other organizations of supporting the aged regularly.

The Civil affairs department shall in accordance with the evaluation results of thequality of supporting services for the aged, decide the rates, types and subsidy standards of the institutions of supporting the aged and other organizations of supporting services for the aged and announce them to the society.

Article 41 Thelocal people’s governments atvariouslevels shall in accordance with relevant provisions provide corresponding subsidies for construction and operation for institutions of supporting the aged and other organizations of supporting services for the aged which meet the conditions.

Article 42 The development of branded and chained institutions of supporting the aged and other organizations of supporting services for the aged, as well as reasonable planning and establishment of gathering area for the industry of supporting services for the aged and specialized industry base of supporting services for the aged shall be encouraged.

Article 43 The government shall guide credit capital and social capital to flow into the industry of supporting services for the aged by means of low-interest loans, direct financing subsidy, financing guarantee, risk compensationsand so on..

Commercial banks shall be encouraged to strengthen credit support for the industry of supporting services for the aged, launch innovation in means of mortgage and develop financial products and ways of guarantee whichmeet the need of the development of the industry of supporting services for the aged. Institutions of supporting the aged and other organizations of supporting services for the aged which meet the prescribed conditions may apply for start-business guarantee loan according to relevant provisions.

High-quality organizations of supporting services for the aged verified by civil affairs department may be incorporated into the scope of innovative enterprises of medium-and-small business loan transfer.

Article 44 The local People’s governments at or above the county level shall help institutions of supporting the aged and other organizations of supporting services for the aged to expand financing channels and support financing sources such as issuing bonds and securities.

Financial and insurance institutions shall be supported to participate in the development of the industry of supporting services for the aged. It shall be supported to use insurance funds for the promotion of combined development of insurance industry and the industry of supporting services for the aged by means such as exclusive investment, equity cooperation, equity investmentand investment into trust funds.

Article 45 Payment policies of urban and rural fundamental medical insurance fund shall inclineto grassroots medical and health institutions which provide contract services and cooperatively provide health services and supporting services for the aged.

All kinds of insurances oriented to supporting services for the aged shall be encouraged and supported and the establishment of a long-term nursing insurance system shall be promoted to provide basic nursing guarantee for the aged who are disabled and in need of long-term nursing because of diseases or injuries.

Institutions of supporting the aged and other organizations of supporting services for the aged shall be encouraged to cover comprehensive liabilitiesinsurances for institutions of supporting the aged and insure the aged residents against accidental injuries and may be granted subsidy in areas with conditions.

Article 46 Institutions of supporting the aged and other organizations of supporting services for the aged shall enjoy favorable taxation in accordance with stipulations of the State.

Relevant administrative undertaking charges for institutions of supporting the aged and other organizations of supporting services for the aged shall be reduced in accordance with relevant provisions of the state and this province.

Article 47 The local people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall formulate relevant policies, support and guide enterprises to develop, produce and operate products and goods which meet the need for supporting the aged in accordance with relevant provisions of the state and this province.

Article 48 Use of water, electricity, gas and heat at facilities of supporting the aged shall be charged according to the price standard for resident life; basic maintenance fees of cable TV shall be collected half of the standard for resident user terminals. Installation of telephones, cable TVsand internet at facilities of supporting the aged are free of access charges. Areas with conditions shall be encouraged to increase the degree of preference.

Article 49 The development of relevant voluntary organizations of supporting services for the aged shall be encouraged and supported and an incentive mechanism such as time savings of voluntary serviceshall be established. After volunteers or their direct relatives come of an old age, they may be given priority and preference to enjoy supporting services for the aged in accordance with time savings of their voluntary service.

Students of institutions of higher education, secondary vocational schools and middle schools shall be encouraged and supported to participate in voluntary activities of supporting services for the aged in their extracurricular time. Schools and voluntary service organizations shall establish registration files or record cards based on the voluntary service. Employment units shall be encouraged to give priority to accepting, recruiting and employing the person who has voluntary service experiences on the same conditions.

Volunteers shall be encouraged to offer coupletsupporting services to the aged, focusing on providing life rescue and assistance and care services for the aged who are widows, living alone or empty-nestersin the countryside.

Relevant departments such as civil affairs department shall organize professional training for the volunteers of supporting services for the aged and provide relevant conveniences.

Chapter VII Supervision and Administration

Article 50 Thelocal People’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthensupervision on the work of supporting services for the aged, organize special inspections and checks, immediately report the found problems, and order it to make correction within a prescribed time limit.

Article 51 The standardization competent department of this province shall include the standard of supporting services for the aged into local standard formulation plan, strengthen the  formulation of local standard of supporting services for the aged, and promote the improvement of supporting services for the aged.

Article 52 The civil affairs department shall establish a basic information management system for the aged population, complete information service platform for the aged, realize the dynamic management of information of the aged, initiatively ask the aged for their requirements of the supporting services, and providesupply information forsupporting services for the aged.

Article 53 The civil affairs department shall establish a credit evaluation system for the industry of supporting services for the aged, publicize credit files of institutions of supporting the aged and other organizations of supporting services for the aged, and accepttheinquiry of the society.

Article 54 The civil affairs department shall establish a complaint and report system for supporting services for the aged, publicize the complaint and report telephone number and email; verify and deal with the complaints and reportsfrom the citizens, legal persons and relevant organizationswithin twenty days.

Article 55 The auditing organs shall in accordance with relevant provisions of the state, carry out auditing and supervisions on institutions of supporting the aged and other organizations of supporting services for the aged which are invested and undertaken by the government or accept subsidies from the government, and publicize the auditing results to the society in accordance with law.

Article 56 The pricing department shall carry out price management and supervision, timely investigate into and deal with illegal pricing acts such as failing to implement favorable charge provisionsin accordance with law.

Chapter VIII Legal Liabilities

Article 57 Where anyone, in violation of the provisions of the fourth paragraph of Article 21 in these Regulations, uses houses for community supporting services for the aged for other purposes, thecivil affairs department shall order it to make correction within a prescribed time limit; if it fails to make correction within a prescribed time limit, a fine of not less than RMB 10,000 yuan but not more than RMB 30,000 yuan shall be imposed.

Article 58 Where in violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 25 in these Regulations, the newly built, renovated or expanded residential area fails to meet the construction standard of barrier-free facilities projects of the state, thehousing and urban and rural development department shall order it to make correction within a prescribed time limit and give sanction in accordance with law.

Where in violation of the provisions of the third paragraph of Article 25 in these Regulations, the owner or manager of the barrier-free facilities fails to protect or repair barrier-free facilities in time and thus leads to malfunction, the relevant competent departments shall order it to repair it within a prescribed time limit; where a personal injury or property damage is caused, the owner or manager of the barrier-free facilities shall assume compensation liability.

Article 59 Where anyone, in violation of the provisions of the third paragraph of Article 30 in these Regulations, changes the land use of facilitiesfor supporting services for the aged without permission, theland and resources department shall order it to make correction within a prescribed time limit and give sanction in accordance with law.

Article 60 Where institutions of supporting the aged, in violation of the provisions of Article 33 in these Regulations, suspend or terminate supporting services for the aged without permission or fail to properly place the aged residents after suspending or terminating supporting services for the aged, the civil affairs department shall order it to make correction within a prescribed time limit and impose a fine of not less than RMB 10,000 yuan but not more than RMB 30,000 yuan; if it fails to make correction within a prescribed time limit, a fine of not less than RMB 30,000 yuan but not more than RMB 100,000 yuan shall be imposed.

Article 61 Where any institution of supporting the aged, organization of supporting services for the aged or individual cheats to attain subsidies, allowances or rewards, the civil affairs department shall order it to return it and a fine of not more than twice of the cheated subsidies, allowances or rewards shall be imposed; where an act in violation of security administration is constituted, public security organs shall give sanction in accordance with law; if a crime is constituted, the criminal liabilities shall be investigated in accordance with law.

Article 62 Where any working staff of civil affairs department and so on conducts any of the following acts, his/her unit or the competent department at the higher level shall give punishment; if a crime is constituted, the criminal liabilities shall be investigated in accordancewith law:

(1)implementing administrative permit beyond statutory jurisdiction, conditions and procedures;

(2)failing to perform the duties of supervising and administrating and causing consequences;and

(3)failing to verifying and dealing with complaints and reports within twenty days after acceptance and causing consequences.

Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions

Article 63 The organizations of supporting services for the aged as referred to in these Regulations includeinstitutions of supporting the aged, community centers (stations) for family supporting services for the aged, day care nursing centers for the aged, rural care homes for the aged, nursing homes for the aged, rehabilitation and sanatorium institutions and other organizations which provide the aged with supporting services of assistance in catering, bathing, transportation, cleaning, shopping, seeing a doctor, emergency aidand so on.

Institutions of supporting the aged as referred to in these Regulations are institutions established upon approval of civil affairs department in accordance with law which provide collective supporting services for the aged such as diet,accommodation,care and nursing.

Article 64 These Regulations shall enter into force as of March 1, 2016.